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156 active trials for Insulin Resistance

Effectiveness of Low Level Laser Therapy on Insulin Resistance and Inflammatory Biomarkers

It is an interventional study in which 60 women estimated to enroll according to random allocation and assigned into two groups equal. The study group will receive active low level laser in addition to diet recommendations while the control group will stick to the same line of treatment but with sham laser application. The laser consists of semiconductor and operates at a wavelength of 650 nanometre. The laser installed in the watch comprises 10 individual laser beams for the wrist and an additional adapter for nasal stimulation. The output power is 5 megawatt, but it can also be adjusted. The device operates at an ambient temperature of -20 to +40 ° C and a relative humidity of ? 85%. The laser watch can be used for a variable irradiation period of 10-60 min. the device will be applied on specific acupuncture points (N acupuncture point, Radial artery acupuncture points, and ulnar artery acupuncture points) combined with nasal laser irradiation at the same time, once per day, 3 times per week for three months

Start: July 2020

Hormonal Mechanisms of Sleep Restriction

The purpose of this study is to study the effects of sleep restriction on the production of two hormones, cortisol and testosterone. The investigators aim to show that changing these hormones leads to insulin resistance, which is an important cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The investigators may also study the effect of sleep restriction on your food intake and cravings, mood, inflammation, metabolism (including bone), and other hormones. Inflammation is your body's response to stress and injury. Bone metabolism is a process of how your body regenerates (renews) new bone cells and removes old bone cells. Hormones are natural substances (materials) that are produced in the body and that influences (effects) the way the body grows or develops.

Start: October 2014

Correlation Between Sex Hormones, Insulin Resistance and Depression in Response to Exercises in Postmenopausal

PURPOSE: to determine the effect of aerobic exercise training on sex hormones , insulin resistance and depression and if is there correlation between these factors effect in postmenopausal obese women BACKGROUND: The practice of regular physical activity is recommended worldwide by different public health agencies for primary or secondary prevention of many health problems, including cancers. In particular, physical activity is associated with a 25 % reduction in the average risk of cardiovascular diseases among women, and this protective effect appears to be independent of menopausal status. Many interrelated biological mechanisms may underlie this association, such as the effect of physical activity on glucose metabolism, inflammation, immune function, and sex hormones. Indeed, endogenous sex hormones, particularly estrogens, seem to be involved in the initiation, promotion, and progression of tumors. Prolonged exposure to high endogenous hormone levels is considered one of the main risk factors for female breast cancer, with a relative risk of 2.00 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.47-2.71) for postmenopausal women with the highest estradiol levels . Several observational studies have found an inverse association between physical activity and circulating estrogen levels . This effect may be mediated by the decrease in fat mass, the main source of estrogens in postmenopausal women. It may also be mediated by the disruption of the menstrual cycle before menopause , especially when exercise is associated with low energy intakes. However, the assessment of the exposure to physical activity remains imprecise, because it is generally only possible to measure it in naturally living subjects using questionnaires . HYPOTHESES: may have no Correlation between sex hormones and insulin resistance and depression in response to exercises in postmenopausal obese women RESEARCH QUESTION: Is there Correlation between sex hormones and insulin resistance and depression in response to exercises in postmenopausal obese women?

Start: January 2020

Mitochondrial Methylation in Type 2 Diabetes

The overarching goal of this proposal is to determine whether DNA methylation of the mitochondrial DNA impairs mitochondrial function in insulin resistant states such as overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Start: July 2019

Does Insulin Sensitivity Impact the Potential of Metformin to Slow Aging

Aging is the number one risk factor for the majority of chronic diseases. There are no pharmaceutical treatments to slow aging and prolong healthspan. The anti-diabetic drug metformin is considered a likely pharmaceutical candidate to slow aging. In this study, the investigators hypothesize that metformin treatment in subjects free of type 2 diabetes will improve insulin sensitivity and glucoregulation in insulin resistant individuals, but will decrease insulin sensitivity and glucoregulation in insulin sensitive subjects. Further, the investigators hypothesize that long-term metformin treatment will remodel mitochondria in a way that decreases mitochondrial function in subjects that are insulin sensitive, but improves mitochondrial function in subjects that are insulin resistant. The investigators will use a dual-site, 12- week drug intervention trial performed in a double-blind, placebo-controlled manner on 148 subjects recruited from two separate sites (Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) and University of Wisconsin-Madison (UWM)). After consent and initial subject screening for chronic disease, subjects will be stratified to insulin sensitive (IS) or insulin resistant (IR) groups. Over a 12- week intervention, half of each group will take metformin and half will take a placebo. Pre- and post--intervention, subjects will complete a series of procedures to assess insulin sensitivity, glucose regulation, and biomarkers of aging. The same subjects will provide a skeletal muscle biopsy pre-- and post-intervention to assess the change in mitochondrial function and mitochondrial remodeling with and without metformin treatment. By completion of this project, the investigators expect to provide evidence that helps further delineate who may benefit from metformin treatment to slow aging.

Start: July 2020

CD36 in Nutrient Delivery and Its Dysfunction

This proposal will test the hypothesis that chronic treatment with sildenafil with and without the use of nitric oxide substrate, L-arginine, protects against fatty acid induced impairment of endothelial function, improves insulin-stimulated microvascular recruitment, insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in CD36 rs3211938 G-allele carriers.

Start: January 2017

Adaptive Immune Response in Visceral and Subcutaneous Fat: Role in Human Insulin Resistance

The proposed study is designed to test the hypothesis that in human obesity, the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory T cells in fat tissue is in fact related to macrophage phenotype and insulin resistance, and how it is related. This study is needed to confirm whether conclusions based on studies of visceral adipose tissue in mice are indeed applicable to humans. We also want to determine the relationship between insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia and ability to lose weight in obese individuals.

Start: August 2017

Effects of Amino Acid Supplementation on Liver Lipid Content and Protein Metabolism in Obese Children

The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of an eight-week dietary supplementation with essential amino acids plus arginine on liver and plasma lipid content, whole-body fat oxidation, whole-body insulin sensitivity, whole body protein metabolism, and body composition in obese pre-pubertal children.

Start: January 2022

Effects of a Plant-Based Diet on Insulin Requirements and Obesity Markers in Obese Adults With T2DM.

This is a crossover study utilizing a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and a whole-food, plant-based diet among subjects with type 2 diabetes who require insulin. Outcomes are short-term changes in insulin requirements and changes in various biomarkers.

Start: December 2020

Metabolic Effects of Angiotensin-(1-7)

The overall purpose of this study is to learn more about the metabolic effects of angiotensin-(1-7) in the insulin resistant state associated with obesity. Pharmacologic approaches to increase angiotensin-(1-7) levels or its actions are currently in development for treatment of metabolic-related diseases such as obesity and type II diabetes, based on findings from animal studies. It is unclear if this peptide contributes to the regulation of metabolism in humans. The investigators will test if angiotensin-(1-7) infusion can improve insulin sensitivity measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp methods in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance. The investigators will also examine for changes in blood pressure and related hemodynamic and hormonal changes following angiotensin-(1-7) infusion.

Start: February 2016

Plasma Triglyceride Extraction by The Muscle

Increased accumulation of fat into the muscles is associated with what is called insulin-resistant state, which is a pre-diabetic state. The purpose of this research is to find out how fat circulating in the blood following fat consumption is taken up by the muscles in healthy people as well as people that are insulin-resistant. The investigators are specifically interested in how a hormone called insulin is involved in this process. Findings from this research will contribute to our understanding of why insulin-resistant people have increased accumulation of fat in their muscles, and ultimately help to design appropriate interventions to prevent type 2 Diabetes.

Start: April 2013

Insulin Resistance in Adolescents

The growing population of adolescents with insulin resistance (IR) is predicted to create a large public health burden in the next few decades. This study examines the function of brain blood vessels and cognitive function, to test if increasing severity of IR in adolescents is related to reduced cognitive function and reduced brain blood vessel function. Findings from this study may help create treatments to delay or prevent some of the negative effects of IR on cognitive and vascular health.

Start: October 2019

Exercise in Adolescents With Insulin Resistance

Start: February 2020

Metformin Effect on Brain Function in Insulin Resistant Elderly People

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other forms of dementia are rapidly increasing with the aging of the population, and show a clear preponderance among people with insulin resistance. Metformin, an insulin sensitizer, is being examined in clinical trials as an anti-aging drug. However, very little objective data is available regarding metformin's effect on the brain, a major organ affected by aging.

Start: March 2019

Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice Base on Patient Specific Physiology

It is well known that the Type 2 diabetes and vascular disease are preceded by over ten years by metabolic dysfunction and anatomic changes that can be quantified. In order to develop effective preventive strategies and reduce the cost burden to the health care system, recognition of the earliest pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes and vascular disease is clinically relevant. The interval retrospective evaluation of data from patient records, reflect the effectiveness of the various treatments implemented in clinical practice. Prevalence of "prediabetes" among American adults is estimated to be ~84 million, or one out of three Americans. Over a 5-7 year period approximately one third of these prediabetic individuals will progress to type 2 diabetes. Prediabetes is a heterogenous group comprised of individuals with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and increased A1c (5.7-6.4%). Although different pathophysiologies are present in individuals with IFG and IGT, their conversion rate to overt type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is similar. Insulin resistance is a common causal feature of many of the pathophysiologic mechanisms linking macrovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Because hyperglycemia is the major factor responsible for the development of microvascular complications, it logically follows that prevention of progression of prediabetes to overt diabetes should retard/prevent the development of the microvascular complications. From the measurement of plasma glucose, insulin, and c-peptide levels during the oral glucose tolerance test, one can derive measures of the two core defects responsible for the development of T2DM, i.e. insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction as well as the degree of dysglycemia. By combining a standard medical evaluation with the evaluation of cardiovascular biomarkers, patients at intermediate risk of vascular disease can be identified. In these patients, carotid intima media thickness (IMT) and carotid plaque evaluation is offered to attempt to clarify risk. The hypothesis of this observational study is that the characterization of the physiology and anatomy of patients at risk of developing type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease can stratify risk of developing disease and direct treatment strategies tailored to the identified physiologic defect, leading to improvements in the delay or prevention of disease.

Start: January 2009

Systemic Cross-talk Between Brain, Gut, and Peripheral Tissues in Glucose Homeostasis: Effects of Exercise Training

Obesity and insulin resistance are worldwide epidemic and taking a major public health toll. Obesity also increases the risk for cognitive impairment which is also an increasing medical, societal, and economic challenge. The ultimate goal of this proposal is to develop a statistical model to assess systemic cross-talk between brain, peripheral tissues, gut microbiota and glucose metabolism. Integrated with exercise training intervention the results will be utilized to provide disease risk profiling and personalized predictions of exercise training as a drug free treatment for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Start: January 2019

Secular Trends in the Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among Teenage School Children in Urban South India

The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk is high among South Asians which manifests itself at an early age. Studies have reported that unhealthy food choices, inadequate physical activity and lack of awareness on healthy lifestyle practices pose a huge threat to the increasing prevalence of metabolic abnormalities even at adolescence. In an earlier study conducted in 2006, reported that 68% of the children during their early adolescence had one or more of the cardiometabolic abnormalities such as obesity, central adiposity, increased blood pressure and presence of dysglycaemia and dyslipidaemia. The risk escalated with increasing weight. Therefore, it is imperative to sensitize the children on improving their lifestyle by conducting screening tests and health education programmes in schools by involving teachers. The Investigator have also shown in a study that teachers can be instrumental in imparting knowledge on the prevention of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes by promoting healthy behavioral changes. The proposed study will focus on a) changes in the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors over a 10 year period b) health education programme to school children c) recommendations to school teachers (tool-kit) to inculcate improved lifestyle practices to their students.

Start: August 2019

Go Girls! Fitness Support Group Intervention Effectiveness Study

The main purpose of this study is to determine if the Go Girls! program to take place at the Kluge Children's Rehabilitation Center Therapeutic Recreation Gymnasium, intended to introduce girls to a fun, non-threatening environment of exercise with peer support, improves scores on a physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES). Information regarding enjoyment of physical activity before and after the program will allow objective evaluation of whether the program is achieving its mission. Qualitative responses to the questionnaires will give program leaders a better sense of potential attitudes and barriers to regular exercise for teen girls. These responses will be used to shape activities during this or future programs for teens. Anthropometric (e.g. body weight, blood pressure, waist circumference) and biochemical (bloodwork) data will allow us to determine whether any change in metabolic risk factors can be seen from this 6-month once weekly intervention.

Start: April 2012

Wheat Germ Supplementation Will Improve Markers of Gut Health, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance in Overweight Adults

The objective of this pilot study is to determine the effects of wheat germ (WG) supplementation on gut health and subsequent effects on markers of inflammation and insulin resistance in overweight individuals. WG is a by-product of wheat processing and an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin E, and fiber. A few studies have shown the health benefits of WG including gut modulatory potential, but the prebiotic functions of WG in humans remain in question and warrant further investigation.

Start: May 2019

A Novel Treatment Intervention for Improving Metabolism

Once written consent is obtained, the participant will be provided with an accelerometer to be worn for 7 days to assess current physical activity levels. Subjects will be provided with a standardized diet (55/15/30% CHO/PRO/FAT) prior to collection of pre-intervention data of insulin sensitivity. Individuals will then participate in an 8-week electrical stimulation intervention (30min/day, 3x/week) and randomized into placebo/control, NMES, resistance training combined with NMES (RT +NMES), or resistance training (RT) group (n=15 per group), followed by collection of post-intervention data. The control group will receive electrical stimulation up to sensory level, the NMES group will receive stimulation up to tolerable intensity to induce visible muscle contraction, the RT+ NMES will receive stimulation up to tolerable intensity during resistance training, and the RT group will only receive exercise training. Pre-and post-intervention data includes measurements for body composition, resting metabolic rate, VO2max, insulin sensitivity, and comprehensive blood work.

Start: October 2018