From Hardship to Hope: A Peer-led Intervention to Reduce Financial Hardship and Suicide Risk

Summary

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Decades of research have shown that financial hardship is a key risk factor for suicide. Studies have consistently found higher prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide death among individuals experiencing financial hardship, such as unmanageable debts and difficulty paying for...

Decades of research have shown that financial hardship is a key risk factor for suicide. Studies have consistently found higher prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide death among individuals experiencing financial hardship, such as unmanageable debts and difficulty paying for basic needs (e.g., housing, food). Stressful financial events (e.g., loss of income, evictions) are well-documented reasons for and precipitants of suicidal behavior. An increase in suicidal behavior is not only associated with objective aspects of financial hardship (e.g., number of debts, income level), but also with how hardship is experienced by individuals (e.g., financial threat, financial shame). In fact, growing evidence suggests that subjective financial hardship mediates the relationship between objective financial hardship and suicidal behavior. Despite overwhelming evidence about the economic determinants of suicide, evidence-based interventions to reduce suicide risk and financial hardship are not available. Suicide prevention interventions at the individual level have largely focused on identifying or treating symptoms of psychiatric distress and other immediate clinical factors. Ecological-level interventions have mostly focused on increasing suicide awareness and reducing access to the means of suicide. To address this gap, our project aims to develop a peer-led intervention that includes strategies and tools to reduce objective and subjective financial hardship, with the goal of decreasing hopelessness, shame, and depression (risk factors for suicide), increasing hope and life satisfaction (protective factors for suicide), and thereby reducing suicidal ideation and behaviors. The main outcome of this study will be a manualized intervention to lessen financial hardship as a risk factor for suicidal ideation and behavior. If the findings of this study support its feasibility, acceptability, satisfaction, and initial efficacy, the investigators will formalize a peer provider training program, further develop an intervention fidelity measure, and pursue a randomized controlled trial to test intervention efficacy. Specific aims and hypothesis are as follows: With multi-stakeholder input, develop and iteratively revise From Hardship to Hope, a peer-led financial empowerment intervention to reduce financial hardship and suicidal ideation and behaviors. Assess the feasibility and acceptability/satisfaction of the novel intervention using qualitative and quantitative methods. Examine the initial efficacy of the intervention on several outcomes. The investigators hypothesize that suicidal ideation intensity, hopelessness, and objective and subjective financial hardship will decrease after the intervention, while utilization of financial supports, financial self-efficacy, and hope will increase. Explore the intervention's mechanisms of action (e.g., level of participation, change in subjective financial hardship). The investigators hypothesize that the amount of change in suicidal ideation intensity will be positively correlated with the change in subjective financial hardship, and both will be associated with the level of participation.

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