Project to Improve Communication About Serious Illness--Hospital Study: Comparative Effectiveness Trial (Trial 2)

Summary

Participation Requirements

Description

OVERVIEW: In this comparative effectiveness trial, the investigators will examine the effectiveness of two approaches to the Jumpstart intervention designed to promote goals-of-care discussions for older, seriously ill, hospitalized patients. The trial recruits consecutively eligible patients from t...

OVERVIEW: In this comparative effectiveness trial, the investigators will examine the effectiveness of two approaches to the Jumpstart intervention designed to promote goals-of-care discussions for older, seriously ill, hospitalized patients. The trial recruits consecutively eligible patients from three UW Medicine hospitals. The Jumpstart Guide is a communication-priming intervention for clinicians, patients and their families that focuses on hospitalized patients' goals of care. There are two versions. One, "EHR-based", is drawn from the electronic medical record (EHR) and lists the dates and locations of prior advance care planning documents (e.g. living wills, healthcare directives, durable power of attorney for healthcare, and Physician Orders for Life Sustaining Treatments). It also includes tips to improve this communication. This information is provided by email and in-person to patients' clinicians. The other is "patient-specific" and provides the same information as in the "EHR-based" Guides but, in addition, goals of care information from patient's self-reported surveys are summarized and shared with the patients' clinicians, the participating patient and family. This trial tests the effect of the EHR-based clinician Jumpstart against the survey-based patient/clinician Jumpstart intervention as well as usual care. Unique to this trial is the use of the EHR to identify eligible participants, provide data for the intervention, and be the mechanism for delivering the intervention. Coordination between Trial 1 and 2: Trial 1 is completed prior to the initiation of Trial 2; preliminary analyses for Trial 1 informs the selection of comparator arms for Trial 2. Trial 2 has a smaller sample size; the activities associated with Trial 2 are more complex and time-intensive requiring a longer period for recruitment, intervention implementation and follow-up. The intervention includes 4 components. SPECIFIC AIM (TRIAL 2): Evaluate the EHR-Based Clinician Jumpstart against the Survey-Based Patient-Clinician Jumpstart. Intervention. Step 1- Subject Identification/Recruitment/Randomization: Patients who meet the inclusion criteria are screened and identified using daily screening reports and staff review. The investigators oversample patients with ADRD to include 40% of the sample. Patients are approached by study staff in person during their hospital stay to assess their interest in participating in the study. Recruitment conversations are designed to take place in the patient's hospital room. Subjects are asked to complete surveys at three time points: 1) at enrollment; 2) 3 days after randomization; and 3) 4 weeks after randomization. Follow-up surveys may be completed in-person, by paper, online, or by phone, based on respondents' preferences. If patients are not able to participate themselves (e.g. cognitive impairment, sedated or ventilated), the investigators recruit their legal surrogate decision-maker to participate. This surrogate (under Washington State Law RCW 7.70.065) provides consent on their own behalf and is a research study subject. Eligible patients are assigned to one of the three interventions in a 1:1:1 ratio. Patients are randomized using variable size blocks and stratified for hospital and ADRD vs. no ADRD. Surrogates/families follow the randomization status of the patients whom they are representing. Step 2- EHR-based Clinician Jumpstart Guide: The Jumpstart guide is developed by applying NLP/ML algorithms to both inpatient and outpatient EHR notes (e.g., progress notes, specialty consult notes, alerts and care plans) preceding the current hospitalization. It summarizes the presence/absence of POLST, advance directives and DPOA documentation. It provides general recommendations to initiating goals of care discussions. Step 3- Survey-based Patient/Clinician Jumpstart Guide: Survey data, completed by patients or their surrogate/family at enrollment provide assessments of the following: a) preferences for discussions about goals of care; b) most important barrier and facilitator for having such discussions; and c) current goals of care. These elements are contained within the Jumpstart guides and the information is tailored to each recipient (i.e., patient, surrogate/family, or clinician). This version provides general recommendations to initiate goals of care discussions. Step 4- Delivery of the intervention: Guides are delivered within the first few days (1-10) of the patient's hospital stay to the primary clinician team (attending and resident physicians and advanced practice providers) via secure email or in person. Study staff monitor the care team for the patient and ensure that any new providers also receive the Jumpstart guide. Study staff also provide the patient or surrogate with a version of the guide, tailored to be appropriate for patients or their surrogates and following the same timeframe. Jumpstart guides are delivered to the patient or surrogate/family at the hospital. Comparison group: The comparator is the EHR-based clinician Jumpstart Guide. Subjects in the comparator arm complete a subset of the questionnaires completed by subjects in survey-based arm, and their clincians receive the EHR-based Clinician Jumpstart Guide. A second comparator is usual care, with neither Jumpstart Guide. Outcome Assessment: The primary outcome is EHR documentation of a goals-of-care discussion in the 30 days following randomization. All subjects are asked to complete questionnaires at enrollment. At enrollment, both intervention groups' subjects meet with study staff who distribute initial questionnaires. The questionnaires are administered via computer-assisted interview. The study staff member collecting the questionnaires notifies the subjects about their randomization status at this time. Subjects randomized to the survey-based Jumpstart arm complete additional questionnaire items used to create the Jumpstart Guide. The research staff will contact all subjects in person (or by telephone) for the evaluation/post-intervention phase. Patient and surrogate/family subjects will complete surveys at 3 days and 4 weeks after randomization. Please see the "PICSI-H Data Collection Summary" document uploaded as additional materials for a summary of questions that will be asked at each time point. Surveys can be completed by telephone, mail, or online; we will contact each patient or family/surrogate at each interval using their preferred modality. Subjects may complete the surveys with study staff in person (if the patient is still in the hospital), over the phone, online using REDCap, or on paper and return via mail. Surrogate/Family subjects will complete the same measures at the same intervals as patients with a few exceptions: families will complete the SF12 for themselves as well as by proxy for patients. Follow up contacts for subjects at 3-day follow-up will be as follows: If the patient is still hospitalized, in-person contact will be attempted (surrogates, who may not be reachable in person, may be contacted by their preferred mode); otherwise, contact will be attempted via phone, email or mail per the subject's preference. Second and third contact attempts will be made using the subject's preferred mode 2 and 4 days later (7 and 14 days later for mail). Follow-up contacts for subjects at 4-week follow-up will be as follows: initial contact by subject's preferred mode at 4 weeks from enrollment, followed by 4 additional contacts at an interval of every 4-7 days for phone and online, and an interval of every 7-10 for mail. In all cases, only non-respondents will continue to be contacted. For surrogates of patients who have died, after a minimum of 4 weeks following the patient death, an "after death" questionnaire will be sent to the subject using their preferred mode. The after death questionnaire will include items related to treatment preferences, psychological distress (HADS), and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L, SF1). The after death questionnaire will be sent one time with no additional follow-ups. After 3-months post-randomization, study staff will collect additional information from the patient's electronic health record. Data will be abstracted using automated EHR data collection and "gold standard" manual abstraction using standardized methods for training and quality control. Secondary outcomes include intensity of care outcomes and the following patient- and surrogate/family-reported outcomes assessed by survey at 1 and 3 months after randomization including occurrence and quality of goals-of-care communication in the hospital, goal concordant care, psychological symptoms, quality of life, and palliative care needs. SPECIFIC AIM (TRIAL 2): Evaluate the factors affecting the Jumpstart intervention implementation and identify barriers and facilitators to future implementation. Patient and Surrogate/Family Subject Identification and Recruitment: Included in the patient's and surrogate/family member's consent form is a provision informing subjects that they may be contacted at the end of their study involvement to take part in a short, semi-structured interview to evaluate their study participation. Subjects will be sampled purposively to represent the following experiences: 1) participants from both of the intervention arms (EHR-based and survey-based); 2) participants who participated in the intervention fully as well as those who did not to better understand the reasons for less than full participation. "Full" participation is indicated by having completed all of the study materials. Clinician Subject Identification and Recruitment: Study staff will recruit clinicians who were involved with the study to participate in a short interview after the clinician's study involvement with the enrolled patient has ended. All of the interview participants will be selected using purposive sampling to ensure a diverse group (e.g., age, race/ethnicity, gender, specialty, year of training) in addition to the characteristics noted above. Interview: Using an interview guide developed specifically for this project, interviewers will assess respondents' experience with the intervention and gather suggestions for ways to improve the intervention's content, delivery and implementation, including implementation outcomes (e.g., acceptability, fidelity, penetration, maintenance) that will guide future dissemination of the intervention. Assessment: Interviews are audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. To ensure trustworthiness, interviewers perform a "member check" of the results with approximately 12 prior participants selected for diversity of participant type.

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