Investigating Virtual EMDR for Suicidal Ideation

Summary

Participation Requirements

Description

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among those aged 10-29 years, the 9th leading cause of death overall, and there are 4000 completed suicides per year in Canada. Adverse childhood experiences, interpersonal stressors and trauma correlate strongly with suicidal behaviour and the later deve...

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among those aged 10-29 years, the 9th leading cause of death overall, and there are 4000 completed suicides per year in Canada. Adverse childhood experiences, interpersonal stressors and trauma correlate strongly with suicidal behaviour and the later development of psychopathology such as depression. For many individuals, overwhelming emotions and/or painful negative beliefs stemming from traumatic experiences contribute to a desire to escape though suicide or self-harm. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an evidence-based therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder that desensitizes painful memories, so that reminders in the present no longer provoke the overwhelming emotional responses. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced a rapid shift from in-person psychotherapy to remotely delivered psychotherapy services, both to reduce the spread of COVID-19 as well as to maintain access to services. Given this rapid shift to remote delivery and the need for a review of evidence, a recent systematic scoping review was undertaken regarding the scope and quality of peer reviewed literature on remotely delivered psychotherapeutic digital health interventions for military members, veterans and public safety personnel with posttraumatic stress injury (Jones et al 2020). This review yielded 38 studies for inclusion, demonstrating level 1a evidence for prolonged exposure therapy, cognitive processing therapy, behavioral activation and therapeutic exposure in this population. There was evidence that remote delivery of these therapies can be as effective as in-person treatment, and also possibly reduce stigma and improve access to care. There was limited information about EMDR, despite the fact that online EMDR has been widely adopted around the world clinically. This project had originally aimed to enroll inpatients in face to face therapy and transition them to the outpatient environment. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in shorter inpatient length of stay, extremely limited mobility for inpatients on and off the units, and shortages of appropriate spaces, making this untenable. There has also been an increase in demand for mental health services at the same time as a reduction in availability of in-person mental health supports. Furthermore, public health measures have necessitated periodic self-isolation, leading to clinic cancellations. For all these reasons, this project will deliver EMDR via Zoom videoconferencing, rather than in person. This real-world, non-blinded randomized study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of EMDR for adults (ages 18 to 65) with suicidal ideation. Eighty participants will be randomized into one of two groups. Group one will receive EMDR therapy to desensitize and reprocess the experiences associated with suicidal thinking. This will be delivered online via encrypted Zoom, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Group two will be randomized to "treatment as usual" (TAU), which will serve as a control group. TAU will include regular psychiatric care. Clinical measures of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic symptoms, emotional dysregulation, and suicidal thinking will be compared before and after therapy. The impact on emergency room visits, re-hospitalizations and healthcare costs will also be evaluated one year after study completion.

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