Systematic Laryngoscopic Evaluation of Upper Airways in Ventilated ALS Patients in Portugal and in Norway

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ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is a rare and fatal disease causing gradual loss of motor neurons and thus loss of function in all skeletal muscle, eventually also in the breathing muscles, leading to respiratory failure and ultimately death. There is no causal treatment. The treatment provided ...

ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is a rare and fatal disease causing gradual loss of motor neurons and thus loss of function in all skeletal muscle, eventually also in the breathing muscles, leading to respiratory failure and ultimately death. There is no causal treatment. The treatment provided aims to improve life quality as long as possible. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) compensates for respiratory failure as breathing deteriorates. ALS patients with bulbar innervated muscle dysfunction (mouth, tongue, jaw, throat, larynx) have poor compliance to the use of NIV. It is not completely understood why bulbar ALS patients fails NIV, although the upper airways have been a suggested cause also of this treatment failure. The investigators in the Norwegian study group has previously examined laryngeal response patterns (using transnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopy ) during mechanically assisted cough in ALS. The studies revealed that Transnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopy was safely performed with ongoing mechanically assisted cough, and it appeared a feasible tool to visualize the laryngeal responses to mechanical cough therapy. The further hypothesis is that the use of transnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopy during ongoing NIV titration could improve the compliance of NIV treatment in ALS. Since ALS is a relatively rare disease and it is difficult to perform large clinical studies, a project group has been established and agreed to a common protocol of a population-based multicenter-study including two hospitals, in Bergen in Norway and Vila Real in Portugal. Aims of the study are: To investigate the feasibility of video-recorded Transnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopic evaluation of the upper airways applied during NIV titration, and to describe the upper airway responses to NIV treatment in patients with ALS. To explore whether the endoscopic view of the upper airways will influence the titration of NIV settings in ALS patients. To explore whether NIV titration with endoscopic evaluation will influence NIV compliance and ventilation effectiveness in ALS patients.

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