To Evaluate the Optimal Timing of Postoperative Radiotherapy in Patients With IIIA(N2) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

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OBJECTIVES: Primary - Investigate the optimal timing of PORT for completely resected pathologic stage IIIa(N2) NSCLC by comparing the disease-free survival of patients with high risk of LRR treated with PORT-first vs PORT-last strategy. Secondary Determine the overall survival of patients treated wi...

OBJECTIVES: Primary - Investigate the optimal timing of PORT for completely resected pathologic stage IIIa(N2) NSCLC by comparing the disease-free survival of patients with high risk of LRR treated with PORT-first vs PORT-last strategy. Secondary Determine the overall survival of patients treated with these regimens. Compare the locoregional recurrence-free survival in patients treated with these regimens. Compare the distant metastasis-free survival in patients treated with these regimens. Determine patterns of failure in patients treated with these regimens. Determine the toxicity, in particular cardiac and pulmonary toxicity, of these regimens in these patients. Determine the prediction models for locoregional recurrence and brain metastasis based on the clinical, pathological, radiological, genetic, tumor microenvironmental and immunological data. OUTLINE: This is a multicenter, randomized study. The clinical risk prediction model for LRR has been established based on our large institutional database. On multivariate analysis, heavy cigarette smoking history, cN2 status, and number of involved lymph nodes>4 were independently significant factors predicting high risk of LRR. The Prognostic Index (PI) equation was built including the three categorical variables and coefficients based on their level of significance: PI?(0.9×smoking history)?(0.5×clinical N status)?(0.8×number of involved lymph nodes). Patients with the PI score?3.5 were considered as high risk of LRR. Patients are stratified according to participating center, EGFR mutation status (EGFR 19del or 21L858R mutations vs others), and use of pretreatment positron emission tomography scans (yes vs no). Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms. Arm I (PORT-first strategy): Concurrent chemoradiotherapy + sequential POCT or PORT + sequential POCT Participants in the Arm I will receive PORT at the first day of therapy. For lung adenocarcinoma, the first day of radiotherapy will be administered concurrently with POCT (two cycles of chemotherapy given during radiotherapy); then continue to give two cycles of sequential chemotherapy. For squamous cell lung carcinoma, PORT will be administered first followed by subsequent four cycles of sequential POCT. Arm II (PORT-last strategy): Four cycles of POCT + sequential PORT Participants in the Arm II will receive four cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy and after that, sequential adjuvant thoracic conformal radiotherapy (50.4 Gy, 1.8 Gy once daily over 5.5 weeks) will be administered. PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 1094 patients will be accrued for this study.

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