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176 active trials for Inflammation

Effect of Diet on Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury

This pilot study will evaluate the effects of a placebo diet vs an anti-inflammatory diet in individuals with spinal cord injury. It is being performed to ensure that the placebo diet does not also induce reductions in inflammation and also adequately conceals group allocation.

Start: October 2020

Systemic and White Adipose Tissue Inflammatory Profile in Lean Versus Obese Individuals

This study will compare the systemic and white adipose tissue inflammatory profile of individuals who are classified as lean and obese. Blood and white adipose tissue samples will be collected in the fasted state to assess inflammatory status. There is evidence to suggest that markers of inflammation in the blood and white adipose tissue increase with increasing levels of obesity. However, the white adipose tissue total protein content and phosphorylation of proteins involved in inflammatory pathways has not previously been compared between lean and obese individuals. The investigators hypothesise that obese individuals will have increased levels of inflammation in the blood and white adipose tissue, compared to their lean counterparts.

Start: October 2019

Impact of High-fat Meals Varying in Fatty Acid Composition on Adipose and Systemic Metabolic-inflammatory Responses

Cardiometabolic disorders are a leading cause of death worldwide. Replacing saturated fatty acids (SFA) with unsaturated fatty acids is recommended as a way of lowering cardiometabolic disease risk. Consuming a diet rich in SFA may lead to a greater metabolic-inflammatory response in white adipose tissue during the fasting state, when compared to eating a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Since individuals spend most of the day in the fed (or postprandial) state, it is important to see how different types of dietary fatty acids affect postprandial white adipose tissue and systemic metabolic-inflammatory responses. This study will investigate the effect of a SFA-rich meal on markers of white adipose tissue and systemic metabolic-inflammation, compared to a MUFA-rich meal in overweight adults. In a randomised, single blind controlled, cross-over manner participants will consume either a SFA- or MUFA-rich meal and sequential blood and white adipose tissue samples will be collected before and until 6 hours postprandially.

Start: January 2019

Pilot Study Evaluating the Impact of Stress Reduction on Atherosclerotic : Heart and Mind Study

The plot study aims to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of stress reducing intervention on atherosclerotic plaque inflammation in adults, as quantified by positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorine-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) in individuals with increased psychosocial stress.

Start: September 2018

Targeting Risk Factors for Diabetes in Subjects With Normal Blood Cholesterol Using Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Every 3 minutes a new case of diabetes is diagnosed in Canada, mostly type 2 diabetes (T2D) increasing the risk for heart disease. T2D and heart disease share many common risk factors such as aging, obesity and unhealthy lifestyle. Paradoxically however, while lowering blood LDL, commonly known as "bad cholesterol", is protective against heart disease, research over the past 10 years have shown that the lower is blood LDL, the higher is the chance of developing T2D. This phenomena is happening whether blood LDL is lowered by a common drug against heart disease called Statins, or by being born with certain variations in genes, some of which are very common (~80% of people have them). To date, it is unclear why lowering blood LDL is associated with higher risk for diabetes, and whether this can be treated naturally with certain nutrients. Investigators believe that lowering blood LDL by forcing LDL entry into the body tissue through their receptors promotes T2D. This is because investigators have shown that LDL entry into human fat tissue induces fat tissue dysfunction, which would promote T2D especially in subjects with excess weight. On the other hand, investigators have shown that omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3) can directly treat the same defects induced by LDL entry into fat tissue. Omega-3 is a unique type of fat that is found mostly in fish oil. Thus the objectives of this clinical trial to be conducted in 48 subjects with normal blood LDL are to explore if: Subjects with higher LDL receptors and LDL entry into fat tissue have higher risk factors for T2D compared to subjects with lower LDL receptors and LDL entry into fat tissue 6-month supplementation of omega-3 from fish oil can treat subjects with higher LDL receptors and LDL entry into fat tissue reducing their risk for T2D. This study will thus explore and attempt to treat a new risk factor for T2D using an inexpensive and widely accessible nutraceutical, which would aid in preventing T2D in humans.

Start: December 2019

Iron Therapy in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease

This study will compare the clinical outcome of patients with maintenance dialysis room after changing the iron treatment guidelines from original upper limit with ferritin>500ng/ml, or TSAT>20% to Ferritin> 800ng / ml, or TSAT> 50%.

Start: April 2020

The Effect of Vitamin C on Wound Healing In Mandibular Fracture Patients

The goal of this study is to perform a randomized clinical trial to assess the effects of vitamin C versus placebo on wound healing in mandibular fracture patients.

Start: October 2017

The Effect of Ibuprofen on Women With PCOS.

Polycystic ovary syndrome occurs in about 10% of women of childbearing age. His pathogenesis is not fully understood. More and more research concerns the role of chronic inflammation in these women as the cause of the disease. In vitro studies have shown a significant reduction in testosterone production by teak cells after ibuprofen. The goal of the project is to use a low dose of ibuprofen in women with PCOS to lower androgen levels.

Start: September 2019

Tocilizumab in Coronavirus-19 Positive Patients

This is a cohort study of COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammation. It aims to determine the impact of adjunctive Tocilizumab (TCZ) to standard of care on the reduction of hyperinflammation-related mortality in COVID-19. Patients with COVID-19 are at high risk of life-threatening hyperinflammation and death. One in three COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU was found to develop life-threatening hyperinflammation. The risk of death when untreated is estimated to be 50-80%.

Start: July 2020

Interleukin-1 Blockade In Recently Decompensated Heart Failure - 2

REDHART2 is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial to determine the effects of Anakinra on peak aerobic exercise capacity measured with a cardiopulmonary test after 24 weeks in patients with recently decompensated systolic heart failure and increased systemic inflammation.

Start: January 2019

Sleep and Inflammatory Resolution Pathway

Goal of this project is to investigate whether increases in inflammation that result from common patterns of restricting sleep on week nights and catching up on sleep over the weekend are caused by disruption in the newly discovered inflammatory resolution pathways. These pathways are crucial in the active termination of the inflammatory response, and their disruption may contribute to ongoing unresolved inflammation, which has been observed not only during periods of sleep restriction, but also after recovery sleep has been obtained. If the hypothesis is true, it is possible that increasing the body's natural production of endogenous, inflammatory resolution mediators may provide a non-behavioral strategy to limit the inflammatory consequences in those undergoing periods of sleep restriction with intermittent recovery sleep.

Start: June 2018

Regulation of Inflammatory Genes in Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic and recurrent skin disorder characterized by marked inflammatory changes in the skin. An extensive cytokine network including generated by activated dendritic cells and T cells mediates the formation of psoriatic lesions. These immune-response parameters can be used as markers in the severity and management of the disease after further in-depth studies.

Start: April 2014

Correlation Between MLR and Risk of Death and Cardiovascular Events in PD Patients.

The current incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in China is approximately 10.8%, with approximately 119 million patients. Among them, patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are about 200-250 cases per million population. At present, the main renal replacement therapy is: hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD). Compared with HD, PD is easy to operate, better preserves residual renal function, has early survival advantages, and is more cost-effective. Despite this, the prognosis of PD patients is still not ideal, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in PD patients. Persistent inflammatory states are critical in the pathogenesis of CVD such as atherosclerosis and vascular calcification, and lead to protein energy expenditure and premature death outcomes in patients with CKD. Therefore, screening for markers that predict the risk of CVD in dialysis patients is essential. Some novel inflammatory markers have been shown to have diagnostic and prognostic value in ESRD patients in terms of inflammation, malnutrition, cardiovascular calcification, all-cause, and risk of CVD death. Among them, blood cell related parameters such as neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte / lymphocyte ratio (MLR)can reflect both inflammation and immune deficiency. NLR, MLR has been proposed as a new inflammatory biomarker and a potential predictor of cardiovascular risk. Studies have reported that MLR is associated with cardiovascular death and all-cause death risk in hemodialysis patients, and is superior to NLR. However, the relationship between MLR and the prognosis of patients with peritoneal dialysis is rarely reported. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between MLR and all causes of peritoneal dialysis patients and the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Start: June 2020

Cognitive Changes After Major Joint Replacement - Full Trial (Cognigram 2)

Patients assume that cognitive performance rapidly returns to baseline after anesthesia and surgery. Several studies have shown that one week after major non-cardiac surgery about 27% of patients have postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and 10% of patients at 3 months. Very few studies have assessed the incidence of POCD beyond 3 months. POCD significantly reduces quality of life. Identifying risk factors for POCD is important because it is associated with prolonged hospital stay, loss of independence, and premature retirement. There is an urgent need to measure and document the level of cognitive change associated with surgery with an easy to use tool, both prior to admission and after discharge. This information can be used to plan appropriate care paths and to identify or test the efficacy of potential new treatments to alter the negative trajectory.

Start: May 2017

Neuregulin-1, Lipidomics, and Inflammation After Resuscitation From Cardiac Arrest

This is a prospective, observational study of inflammatory mechanisms and immune cell activity after resuscitation from cardiac arrest during targeted temperature management. Investigators are focusing on elucidating the activity of immune cells after resuscitation and on biochemical pathways related to neuregulin-1 (a growth factor regulating cell resistance to oxidative stress, cell survival and proliferation) and to lipid peroxidation and pro-inflammatory lipid precursors. Participants will undergo blood sampling during 7 days following cardiac arrest, and analyses performed. Patient characteristics, clinical circumstances, and outcomes will be recorded and their associations with these inflammatory pathways characterized.

Start: January 2016

The Acute Impact of Yoga-based Stretching on Inflammation and Its Resolution

The goal of this study is to explore the impact of two types of yoga-based body stretching (mild and intense) on dynamic changes of Systemic Inflammatory Cytokines (SICs) and Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators (SPMs) in yoga-naïve subjects.

Start: January 2020

Oleocanthal Rich Olive Oil Acute Effects on Hyperglycemia and Platelet Activation in T2DM

This is a pilot acute dietary intervention study with a randomized cross-over design aiming to investigate whether acute supplementation of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) rich in oleocanthal could attenuate postprandial hyperglycemia and activation of platelets in T2DM patients. For this reason, non-insulin dependent diabetic patients (10-15) will be randomly assigned to consume in five different days white bread (50 g CHO) with butter, butter with ibuprofen, refined olive oil and olive oil with oleocanthal (250 mg/Kg 500 mg/Kg). Blood samples will be collected pre- and post-intervention up to 4 hours in order to determine platelet aggregation, postprnadial glycemia, lipemia, inflammation and oxidative stress. Taking into account the strong anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet properties of oleocanthal, this study will assess whether oleocanthal-rich olive oils could exert similar effects under real in vivo conditions in T2DM patients. It will also assess whether these effects are achieved through improvement of postprandial glycemia and lipemia.

Start: May 2019

Dietary Modulation of Neuroinflammation in Age-Related Memory Disorders

To test the effect of a cocoa-derived dietary flavanol on brain structures and cognitive outcomes in a 12-week randomized controlled trial of 146 healthy participants, age 50-69, who will receive this cocoa derivative or a placebo. We also will examine the role of inflammation in this relationship.

Start: January 2019

Effects of Cranberry Supplementation on Chronic Kidney Disease Patients.

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have several complications that are linked to oxidative stress and inflammation, and among the most recently studied is the alteration of the intestinal microbiota. Considering this scenario, bioactive compounds have been considered as a therapeutic alternative in the modulation of intestinal microbiota as well as transcription factors such as nuclear-kappa factor B (NF-?B) and factor 2 nuclear factor-related erythroid 2 Nrf2), involved with oxidative stress and inflammation. Among several foods, cranberry is a fruit rich in flavonoids and other polyphenols, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory actions and may be an adjuvant treatment for CKD complications. However, clinical evidence evaluating the effects of cranberry is limited and there are no studies specifically involving patients with CKD. Thus, the present randomized crossover double-blind crossover with placebo-controlled washout period will aim to evaluate the effects of cranberry supplementation on the modulation of the intestinal microbiota and expression of transcription factors as well as cytokine levels inflammatory effects of CKD patients.

Start: August 2018

Fruit and Vegetable Intervention in Lactating Women to Reduce Breast Cancer Risk

Mechanistic data show that compounds in fruits and vegetables have anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties that can reduce breast cancer risk. However, observational and interventional studies have provided mixed results, and a recent report by the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) concludes that the data are insufficient but suggestive that non-starchy vegetables and foods containing carotenoids reduce risk. Measurement error, relatively low levels of carotenoid-rich fruit and vegetable intake in the study populations, emphasis on diet in later adulthood, and confounding factors likely contribute to the weak associations. Therefore, the investigators will conduct a randomized diet intervention trial in young women to assess the extent to which at least 8 to 10 daily servings of deeply pigmented and nutrient dense fruits and vegetables reduces biomarkers of breast cancer risk. The intervention is focused on breastfeeding women because: 1) pregnancy and lactation are normal early life course events; 2) the risk of pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is increased for up to 10 years postpartum; 3) a dietary intervention to reverse the detrimental molecular changes associated with puberty and pregnancy is more likely to be successful in younger than in older women;4) a diet rich in fruits and vegetables is hypothesized to reduce the inflammation during lactation/weaning and lower PABC risk; 5) postpartum lactating women may be a highly motivated population; and 6) breastmilk provides access to the breast microenvironment and breast epithelial cells to non-invasively assess the diet intervention directly in the breast. Four hundred nursing mothers will be randomly assigned to either the intervention arm, in which they are asked to increase fruit and vegetable intake to at least 8 to 10 daily servings for one year, or to a control condition in which participants receive a dietary guideline for breastfeeding mothers. Women in the intervention arm will receive counseling and boxes of fruits and vegetables for the first 20 weeks, after which they will continue to receive counseling. Changes in DNA methylation and cytokine profiles in breastmilk will be evaluated. Maternal weight and body fat distribution, and infant growth will be monitored. These results will greatly expand our knowledge of how diet alters molecular pathways in a specific organ, ultimately contributing to both breast cancer etiology and prevention.

Start: October 2019