RCT of Efficacy of Amoxicillin Over Ampicillin on Severe Pneumonia
Burden: Pneumonia remains the leading infectious cause of death accounting 920,000 children under five around the world. This means a loss over 2,500 child lives every day, or over 100 every hour. Since 2000, the number of child deaths caused by pneumonia has decreased by 47 per cent. The tremendous progress made is due in part to the rapid roll-out of vaccines, better nutrition and improved care-seeking and treatment for symptoms. However, pneumonia hasn't declined as quickly as other diseases such as malaria (58%), HIV/AIDS (61%) and measles (85%). Knowledge gap: The Lancet Series on Childhood Pneumonia and Diarrhea has reported that case management is one of the three most effective interventions to reduce pneumonia deaths in children. It is also noted that cost effectiveness of these interventions in national health system needs urgent assessment. It was suggested to find out means to reduce hospital stay without compromising the quality of care. Relevance: The main purpose of our study is to compare the efficacy of two doses of parenteral Amoxicillin plus single dose Gentamicin compared to four doses of parenteral Ampicillin plus single dose Gentamicin. After 72 hours of treatment injectable Amoxicillin or injection Ampicillin will be switched to or replaced by oral Amoxicillin and will be discharged with an advice to attend to Ambulatory Care Unit (ACU) to receive once daily dose of injection Gentamicin for total 5 days. It is anticipated that this modified therapy will reduce hospitalization stay of children with severe pneumonia and would therefore be relevance in countries with resource poor setting. By reducing hospitalization period, this therapy has potentials to reduce hospital acquired infection. Hypothesis (if any): Rate of treatment failure with two doses of injectable Amoxicillin plus single dose Gentamicin will be not more than that of four doses of injectable Ampicillin plus single dose Gentamicin in the management of children between 2 months to 59 months hospitalized for WHO classified severe pneumonia.
Start: January 2018