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26 active trials for Gingivitis

Photodynamic Therapy in Patients With Gingivitis

The hypothesis to be tested in this study is whether photodynamic therapy (PDT) could favor the decontamination of these areas, as the photosensitizer and light are capable of reaching areas that these instruments have difficulty accessing. In other words, the objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of PDT as an adjuvant treatment to scaling, considering clinical immunoregulatory and microbiological parameters in patients with gingivitis with the predisposing factor of the use of a fixed orthodontic appliance. A randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical study will include 34 patients, Patients will be divided into two groups: Control group (n = 17) - Scaling and Root Planing (SRP) + PDT placebo and Experimental group (n = 17) - SRP + PDT. In G2 methylene blue 0.005%, ? = 660nm, 9J (joule) per inflamed site, irradiance = 3.5W / cm (watts/centimeter), radiant exposure = 318J / cm2. In G1 the scaling will be performed with the aid of curettes and ultrasound. All participants will receive oral hygiene guidance (OHG) prior to SRP. The clinical periodontal data to be analyzed: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and probing depth (PD) and clinical level of insertion (CLI) by means of a periodontal probe. Crevicular fluid (from 8 pre-determined sites) and non-stimulated saliva for analysis of the IL-6 (interleukin), IL-1?, IL-8, TNF-? (tumor necrosis factor) and IL-10 cytokines will be collected using the ELISA method. In addition, the Universal bacteria count (16S rRNA gene- ribonucleic acid) will also be performed by qPCR (polymerase chain reaction) using the same secretions. Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) will be assessed using the OHIP-14 (oral health impact profile) questionnaire

Start: February 2020

Diagnostic Accuracy of Rapid Non-clinical Screening Tests for Early Detection of Periodontitis

Gum disease is the 6th most prevalent disease of mankind. It is a non-communicable non-resolving inflammation; if untreated it leads to tooth loss and inability to chew properly. It is one of the top 80 human disease contributing 3.5 million years lived with disability and the major cause of increasing oral health costs. Addressing this major public health problem requires greater attention to prevention and early detection. Gum disease cases in the population remain largely undetected because an affected individual does not feel the presence of gum disease and as a consequence people seek attention in the later stages of the disease once tooth loss has occurred. In this study the investigators will compare different methods of screening for gum disease and compare them against a full professional examination. The investigators hope to be able to propose simple and effective methods for self-assessment that will allow people to suspect the presence of the disease before tooth loss occurs and thus allow early diagnosis and better treatment. The whole study procedures consist 3 screening tests and the standard clinical examination. The screening tests involves:(1) a screening questionnaire; (2) a saliva test; (3) a toothbrushing test. Thereafter the participants will receive a standard clinical examination which is regarded as the gold standard for diagnosis of gum disease. Results of these tests will be compared with the standard clinical examination to assess the diagnostic accuracy of these tests. The general aim of this program is to improve early detection of periodontitis in the population using a self-detection approach based on a toothbrush test as an early sign and a self-performed saliva test as a screening test for an individual to seek professional dental care early in the gum disease process. The general hypothesis is that combining self-assessment of toothbrush test with a saliva test as an assessment of key inflammatory process underlying gum disease will increase the diagnostic accuracy of a screening approach in the population.

Start: September 2019

Determination of the Safety and Efficacy of a Novel Oral Rinse on Oral Health

Since over 50% of the US population have gingivitis, mouthrinses serve as a valuable adjunct to brushing and flossing. The primary objective is to determine the effectiveness of the oral rinse in reducing plaque and gingivitis and improve a patient's breath

Start: March 2020

The Association of Blood Haemoglobin and Colour of Gums

AIM: To evaluate the association of the levels of blood haemoglobin to the distribution and severity of gingival melanin pigmentation at 3 different periodontal health status SAMPLE SIZE ESTIMATION Done using GPower v.3.1.9.2 Total sample size = 60 (20 each in 3 groups) Effect size = 40% Power = 80% ?-error = 5% SAMPLING: Simple random sampling Subjects to be recruited from out patient pool of KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore Subjects to be categorised into 3 groups (20 subjects each) Group A - Healthy periodontium Group B - Gingivitis Group C - Periodontitis PARAMETERS ASSESSED Blood Haemoglobin Concentration (in %gm/dL) Hedin Melanin Index Score 0: No pigmentation Score 1: one or two solitary unit(s) of pigmentation in papillary gingiva without formation of a continuous ribbon between solitary units Score 2: More than three units of pigmentation in papillary gingiva without the formation of a continuous ribbons of pigmentation Score 3: One or more short continuous ribbons of pigmentation Score 4: One continuous ribbon including the entire area between canines STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SPSS for Windows Version 22.0 to be used Descriptive statistics: It includes expression of study parameters in terms of Mean & SD for continuous variables, whereas in terms of frequency and proportions for categorical variables. Inferential Statistics: Chi Square Test will be used to compare the pigmentation index between 03 groups. And similarly, gender wise comparison of hemoglobin concentration will be done using the same test. One-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey's HSD post hoc Analysis will be used to compare the mean hemoglobin levels based on the pigmentation index scores in each group. The level of significance [P-Value] was set at P<0.05

Start: December 2019

Effect of a 2-week Sugar Stress on Bacterial Profiles in Whole Saliva

Dental caries is a non-communicable biofilm-mediated disease affecting both crown and exposed root surfaces in the primary and permanent dentitions. The carious process involves interactions between the biofilm formed on the tooth surface, sugars, salivary and genetic factors. Based on more than 100 years of research, there is unequivocal evidence that dietary fermentable carbohydrates (sugars and starch) play a key role in caries initiation and progression. In this context, sucrose deserves special attention; apart from being rapidly converted into acids it is also synthesized into extracellular glucans, fructans and intracellular storage compounds. According to the ecological plaque hypothesis, it is generally accepted that sucrose exposure is fueling and driving the stable and diverse symbiotic oral biofilm to a dysbiotic form with a reduced diversity and overgrowth of acidogenic and acid-tolerating species. Such typical bacterial profiles have demonstrated in subjects with different stages of caries in cross-sectional settings but the timing associated with a sugar provocations is less known. Moreover, the use of probiotic bacteria in adjunct to regular oral care to support biofilm diversity and prevent dental caries has gained momentum in recent years. It has been demonstrated that probiotic supplements can increase salivary pH, and reduce the counts of salivary S. mutans, thereby exert a stabilizing effect on the oral microbiota. In this context, it is of interest to explore whether or not the use of beneficial bacteria can counteract a sugar-driven shift in the salivary microbiota. Another question of interest is to study if the oral biofilm has a colonization memory similar to that of the gastro-intestinal tract and the suggested study design could possibly enlighten this area of research.

Start: March 2020

Impact of Oral Probiotics on Oral Homeostasis

Aim: To evaluate the effect of three months use of tablets containing probiotics on the composition of the supragingival plaque microbiota and salivary levels of inflammation-related proteins in oral healthy individuals. Hypothesis: Three months use of tablets containing probiotics will induce quantifiable changes to the composition of the supragingival plaque microbiota and salivary levels of inflammation-related proteins in oral healthy individuals. Perspectives: Data from the present study will be able to reveal the impact of regular use of probiotics on oral homeostasis in oral healthy individuals. Specifically, simultaneous registration of clinical, microbial and inflammatory characteristics will provide comprehensive information on the potential beneficial effect of regular use of oral probiotics on maintenance of oral homeostasis. Thus, data from the present study will provide a scientific platform, which dentist and dental hygienist can utilize when deciding if oral healthy individuals may benefit from using oral probiotics as a supplement to regular oral hygiene.

Start: October 2019